Media Matters for America


Media Matters for America

REPORT: In Immigration Coverage, Fox Shuns Pro-Immigrant Voices

http://mediamatters.org/research/201110270008

A year ago, News Corp. chairman and CEO Rupert Murdoch claimed that Fox News is not “anti-immigrant,” a statement seemingly contradicted by near-daily segments on the network portraying immigrants in a negative light. Now, a Media Mattersanalysis of Fox News guests from April 2010 to June 2011 has found that of the guests Fox chose to discuss immigration, an overwhelming majority took anti-immigrant positions or held anti-immigrant views. In fact, our data show that anti-immigrant guests outnumbered those with a pro-immigrant point of view by a 3-to-1 margin.

Background

On April 13, 2010, Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer signed the controversial immigration bill S.B. 1070 into law. S.B. 1070 makes the failure to carry documents proving legal status or citizenship a crime and requires police during any “lawful stop, detention, or arrest” to determine a person’s immigration status if they have “reasonable suspicion” that the person is an undocumented immigrant, among other provisions. Before the act took effect, the Justice Department filed a lawsuit against Arizona arguing that the statute was unconstitutional, and a federal judge issued an injunction preventing several provisions of the law from taking effect.

In the months that followed, several other states began considering stricter immigration laws, with new statutes passing in a number of them. Members of Congress also introduced and held hearings on legislation that would end birthright citizenship or require employers nationwide to confirm the immigration status of prospective employees.

On June 9 of this year, Gov. Robert Bentley of Alabama followed suit, signing an anti-immigration bill critics have called a “sweeping attack on immigrants and people of color.” The bill makes it illegal to knowingly transport an undocumented immigrant or rent them an apartment, and it requires schools to check the immigration status of their students and employers to check the legal status of prospective employees.

Overwhelming Majority Of Fox News Guests Held Anti-Immigrant Views

Only 18 Percent Of Fox Guests Were Pro-Immigrant, Compared To 62 Percent Anti-Immigrant. Media Matters examined Fox News coverage between April 13, 2010, and June 9, 2011, that included elected officials, members of advocacy groups, business leaders, pundits, and others discussing immigration. Of these appearances, 1,052 out of 1,697 — over 62 percent — held anti-immigrant views or adopted anti-immigrant positions. Only 18 percent of all guests (301 appearances) were pro-immigrant, while 20 percent (344 appearances) were neutral.

Anti-Immigrant Booking Was Consistent Across All Programs

No Fox Program Featured More Than 31 Percent Pro-Immigrant Guests. Special Report with Bret Baier and The O’Reilly Factor proved to be the most welcoming of pro-immigrant views. Of its 278 guests, Special Report hosted 87 who held pro-immigrant views — 31 percent — while the Factorhad 47 pro-immigrant guests out of 158 for 30 percent.

Outside Of Special Report, Shows With More Than 100 Immigration Guest Appearances Featured Wider Anti-Immigrant Disparity. Greta Van Susteren hosted 239 guests to discuss immigration on her show, On the Record; of those appearances, 74 percent were anti-immigrant. On his show, Sean Hannity hosted 112 guests, of which 83 were classified as anti-immigrant — 74 percent. Of the 270 immigration guest appearances on Megyn Kelly’s America Live, 75 percent were anti-immigrant. Fox & Friends‘ 162 guests were 64 percent anti-immigrant.

Glenn Beck Featured Widest Disparity, With 88 Percent Anti-Immigrant Guests. Glenn Beck had 24 total guest appearances on the issue of immigration during the period we considered. None of the guests espoused a pro-immigrant position, three were neutral, and 21 — 88 percent — were anti-immigrant.

Case Study: Fox’s Coverage Of S.B. 1070

In Weeks Following Passage Of S.B. 1070, Only One-Third Of Fox’s Immigration Guests Were Pro-Immigrant. From the April 13 passage of the bill through April 30, Fox hosted 156 guests to discuss immigration policy. Eighty-four were anti-immigrant (53 percent), compared to 51 who were pro-immigrant (33 percent). On only one show did pro-immigrant guests outnumber those with anti-immigrant views: Happening Now featured eight pro-immigrant guests in contrast with seven who were anti-immigrant.

Van Susteren, Hannity Led The Anti-Immigrant Charge. During that period, Van Susteren hosted 21 guests to discuss immigration, 15 of whom were anti-immigrant. Sean Hannity hosted 19 guests, 13 of whom were anti-immigrant.

Guests Often Highlighted Supposed Lack Of Border Security. During that period, Hudspeth County, Texas, Sheriff Arvin West and several Arizona Republican lawmakers including Sens. John McCain and Jon Kyl, state Sen. Russell Pearce and state Rep. John Kavanagh, all appeared on Van Susteren’s show to argue that S.B. 1070 is necessary because the border is, in McCain’s words, “out of control.”

  • AZ Daily Star: Border Mayors Called On Sheriff To “Stop Fanning The Flames Of Fear About The Border.” On February 9, according to the Arizona Daily Star, several border town mayors sent Pinal County Sheriff Paul Babeu a letter asking him “to stop fanning the flames of fear about the border.” The letter read in part:

As Mayors of border communities from Arizona, we would appreciate it if you would not cultivate a culture of fear in our state and to start being accurate about border security. While your misstatements about efforts to keep communities along the U.S.-Mexico border may keep national media coming to Arizona, at the same time your consistent inaccuracies hurt cities and towns like ours by causing those who live and travel to the border to fear for their safety when in our communities. This damages our economy – driving visitors away and leaving our businesses and residents to suffer. The facts show that violent crime is down or remains flat in our border region as we are sure it is in your area as well. In 2002 it peaked at 742 per 100,000 residents but has since drastically dropped to 219 per 100,000 in 2009 (per the F.B. I. Uniform Crime Reports Program).

[...]

We know and understand that there is more work to do. We have seen significant progress being made every day. We trust that the federal government will continue to strengthen the ways it protects our citizens from the violence we see in Mexico. What our communities do need, is for Sheriffs like you to focus on building strong relationships and partnerships with local, state and federal governments and law enforcement agencies to help the efforts on strengthening security on our border. [Letter from border mayors, 2/14/11]

  • AP: “U.S.-Mexico Border Is More Fortified Now Than It Was Even Five Years Ago.”In June 2010, the Associated Press reported: “You wouldn’t know it from the public debate, but the U.S.-Mexico border is more fortified now than it was even five years ago. Far more agents patrol it, more fences, barriers and technology protect it and taxpayers are spending billions more to reinforce it.” [Associated Press, 6/23/10]

For more on the myth that the border is not secure, click here.

Methodology

Media Mattersconducted a Nexis and Factiva search of transcripts of weekday programs on the Fox News Channel, from 6 a.m. ET through the 10 p.m. ET hour between April 13, 2010 (when Brewer signed S.B. 1070 into law) through June 9, 2011 (when Bentley signed the Alabama immigration bill into law). For programs that were not available in either search database, we conducted a search through our internal archives. We identified and reviewed all segments that included at least three mentions of the word immigration or immigrant. When transcripts were incomplete, we reviewed video.

The following programs, which comprise Fox News’ daily lineup, were included in the data: Fox & Friends, America’s Newsroom, Happening Now,America Live, Studio B with Shepard Smith, Your World with Neil Cavuto, Glenn Beck, Special Report with Bret Baier, The Fox Report with Shepard Smith, The O’Reilly Factor, Hannity, and On the Record with Greta Van Susteren.

The Fox Reportat 7 p.m. ET yielded no relevant segments for the purposes of our study and therefore was not included in the final tally.

Media Matterscounted all guest appearances during segments that offered substantial discussion of immigration issues. Appearances by Fox News correspondents and packaged reports that included at least one guest appearance were included in the tally.

We used bios and profiles available online to confirm each guest’s affiliation or title after they were identified by Fox. Guests analyzed included Fox News correspondents, contributors, and commentators, journalists, attorneys, activists, pundits, and elected officials (i.e. current and former congressional, state, administration members; current and former local, state, federal law enforcement) who appeared in on-air interviews, call-in spots, or packaged reports to discuss an immigration-related topic.

Guests were coded into three categories: anti-immigrant, pro-immigrant, and neutral. For the purposes of our study, a guest was labeled ”anti-immigrant” if he or she was a member of a group that favors more stringent immigration policy, such as the Federation for American Immigration Reform, NumbersUSA, or the Center for Immigration Studies, among others. Guests were also labeled anti-immigrant if they took positions in favor of S.B. 1070, the workplace immigration verification program E-Verify, the repeal of the birthright citizenship component of the 14th Amendment, the denial of certain social benefits to undocumented immigrants and their U.S.-born children, or to an enforcement-specific agenda that includes indefinite detainment and mass deportation of undocumented immigrants, or a militarized border security presence. Those who reinforced negative stereotypes of immigrants were also put into the anti-immigrant category.

We coded as “pro-immigration” guests who were experts from progressive groups or pro-immigration groups such as America’s Voice or the Center for American Progress, among others. They were labeled pro-immigrant if they favored comprehensive immigration reform, the DREAM Act, or some other path to legalize undocumented immigrants. Guests were also labeled pro-immigrant if they expressed opposition to S.B. 1070 or similar legislation or to E-Verify, or if they discussed the benefits of immigration to the country.

Neutral guests were those who offered either a centrist opinion or no opinion at all or otherwise had no political orientation. These guests were more often than not immigration attorneys, government officials, or Fox News reporters or correspondents.

Political Correctionresearcher Salvatore Colleluori and Media Matters research intern Jake Miller contributed to this report.

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Election: Newt’s Changing Colors … from The Progress Report


Health care. Global warming. Social welfare. Intervention in Libya. Federal subsidies. This is a list of things — though not a complete one — that former House Speaker and likely GOP presidential contender Newt Gingrich has changed his mind about. He once favored insurance mandates, but now blasts them as unconstitutional. He once felt global warming was a danger and that a cap-and-trade system was needed, but now derides such an approach as vile “energy taxes.” This week, we first reported that Gingrich performed a widely noted shift on Libya, from urging intervention to blasting President Obama for doing so. It’s almost hard to keep track of how many colors Newt can have.

EPIC FLIP ON LIBYA: Speaking about the Libya situation on February 22, Gingrich argued there was “an opportunity to replace [Qaddafi's] dictatorship,” and said, “I think the United States ought to be firmly on the side of the Libyan people in replacing this administration.” On March 3, President Obama voiced the same opinion, saying “Colonel Qaddafi needs to step down from power. You’ve seen with great clarity that he has lost legitimacy with his people.” On March 7, Gingrich pressed Obama to act. When asked by Fox News’ Greta van Susteren what he would do about Libya, Newt said “[e]xercise a no-fly zone this evening.” Gingrich said that humanitarian reasons demanded intervention, which should be done through the air: “All we have to say is that we think that slaughtering your own citizens is unacceptable and that we’re intervening. And we don’t have to send troops. All we have to do is suppress his air force, which we could do in minutes.” Once again, Obama undertook action that Gingrich would have presumably favored: On March 18, Obama told the nation that the U.S. had joined an international effort to impose a no-fly zone over Libya, because “Qaddafi chose to ignore the will of his people and the international community” and “launched a military campaign against his own people.” So did Newt support the president’s efforts? Well, no. Less than 24 hours after the military campaign began, he inexplicably blasted the move and told Politico “it is impossible to make sense of the standard for intervention in Libya except opportunism and news media publicity.” Three days later on the Today Show, he said plainly that “I would not have intervened.” He blasted the humanitarian justification for invading, saying “the standard [Obama] has fallen back to of humanitarian intervention could apply to Sudan, to North Korea, to Zimbabwe, to Syria this week, to Yemen, to Bahrain.” He also said he would have liked to have seen Obama utilize ”a lot of other allies” and that “I would not have used American and European forces.” Last night, in a return appearance on van Susteren’s show, he also said the U.S. shouldn’t use air power: “If they’re serious about protecting civilians, you can’t do that from the air.” So how did Newt go from being pro-intervention, pro-removing Qaddafi, pro-using air power — to suddenly being against intervention, angry that U.S. forces were used, and blasting air power as a mechanism? In a convoluted note on his Facebook page, and again on van Susteren last night, Newt basically made the case that he was against intervention all along, but made his comments urging Obama to act on March 7 because Obama had already called for Qaddafi to leave power, so he was giving a piece of advice that he didn’t agree with but thought was necessary. If that doesn’t make sense to you, you’re not alone. Politifact has rated Newt’s changing positions a “full flop.”

WE MUST COMBAT GLOBAL WARMING…OR NOT: On an even larger issue, Gingrich has undergone perhaps an even more dramatic conversion of beliefs. Believe it or not, Gingrich used to believe not only that global warming was a threat, but that it demanded government action — in the form of a cap-and-trade system. As far back as 1989, Gingrich was backing legislation to combat global warming, co-sponsoring the Global Warming Prevention Act. In 2007, Gingrich called for a cap-and-trade system and clean energy incentives. He told PBS’ Frontline that the appropriate ”conservative approach should be to minimize the risk of a really catastrophic change.” He added that “I think if you have mandatory carbon caps combined with a trading system, much like we did with sulfur, and if you have a tax-incentive program for investing in the solutions, that there’s a package there that’s very, very good. And frankly, it’s something I would strongly support.” In 2008, he appeared in an advertisement funded by Al Gore — the bete noire of anti-cap-and-trade conservatives. Worse, Newt was sitting next to Nancy Pelosi and delivered a message that “we do agree our country must take action to address climate change.” But once again, Newt changed his colors. Slowly, he began attacking the idea of a cap-and-trade system and even the very idea that global warming was dangerous. In April 2008, he wrote on his site that “I don’t think that we have conclusive proof of global warming. And I don’t think we have conclusive proof that humans are at the center of it.” In a later Washington Post chat, he rejected a cap-and-trade system because he believed it “would lead to corruption, political favoritism, and would have a huge impact on the economy.” He blasted cap-and-trade as an “energy tax” at the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2009. Now, Gingrich is full-on against cap-and-trade, and even wrote a book advocating for increased oil drilling, which will of course increase greenhouse gas emissions. This was a remarkable transformation.

NEWT’S OTHER FLIPS: On a wide variety of other very important issues, Gingrich has held a dizzying array of differing opinions and took many actions that contradicted his stated positions. In the 1990s, Gingrich waged his campaign to destroy unemployment insurance and aid for needy families, yet he made his own district the recipient of huge amounts of federal aid. Under Gingrich, his district in Cobb County, GA received more “federal subsidies than any suburban county in the country, with two exceptions: Arlington Virginia, effectively part of the Federal Government, and Brevard County Florida, the home of the Kennedy Space Center.” (It should be noted that also in the 90s, Gingrich was blasting Bill Clinton’s infidelities and “secular socialist” agenda that was destroying American families — all the while having several affairs outside of marriage). In recent months, Gingrich has pushed a theme that Democrats are the “party of food stamps” because they believe in federal food assistance for the indigent. Yet in 2002, when President George W. Bush proposed expanding some food stamp programs, Gingrich backed him , saying that the “welfare reform” law — that he himself helped author in the 1990s — went too far in cutting food assistance. On the crucial issue of health care, Gingrich has undergone yet another monumental shift. In 2008, Gingrich suggested “insurance mandates for people who earn more than $75,000 a year.” Yet by 2010, he was blasting the mandate as unconstitutional. Gingrich’s shifting opinions on virtually every crucial matter before the country are puzzling to say the least, especially now that he is likely to seek the presidency in 2012. To accomplish that, Newt will have to flip on one more issue: in 2004, he said “You can’t flip-flop and be commander-in-chief.”

Newser …


Snow-Weary Northeast Gets… More Snow

(Newser) – Canceled flights, stranded passengers, closed schools: Yes, another storm walloped the already storm-weary East Coast last night, dumping anywhere from 12 to 19 inches of snow across the region. In and around Washington, DC, more than 400,000 customers were left without power; in Philadelphia, 1,500 people were stranded…

http://www.newser.com/story/110708/snow-weary-northeast-gets-more-snow.html?utm_source=9at9&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20110127

Stewart: Call That a Sputnik Moment?

(Newser) – Jon Stewart found plenty to poke fun at in President Obama’s State of the Union address—and the rebuttals. The Daily Show host homed in on Obama’s “Night of Too Many Promises,” specifically the president’s claim that now is a ” Sputnik moment .” “I’m with you!…

http://www.newser.com/story/110676/stewart-call-that-a-sputnik-moment.html?utm_source=lunchbox&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20110127

Rabbis Urge Murdoch to Rein In Beck, Fox News

(Newser) – A coalition of 400 rabbis have had enough of Glenn Beck‘s use of Nazi and Holocaust imagery and attacks on George Soros . The group is urging Rupert Murdoch to sanction Beck and Fox News chief Roger Ailes. It has bought a full-page ad in one of Murdoch’s own papers, the …

http://www.newser.com/story/110667/rabbis-urge-murdoch-to-rein-in-beck-fox-news.html?utm_source=9at9&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20110127

Palin: Obama’s Theme Is Winning the Future—or WTF

(Newser) – Sarah Palin, not surprisingly, wasn’t a fan of President Obama’s State of the Union address . She joked with Greta Van Susteren last night that his theme “was the WTF, you know, winning the future ,” which was appropriate because “there were a lot of WTF moments…

http://www.newser.com/story/110694/palin-obamas-theme-is-winning-the-future-or-wtf.html?utm_source=9at9&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20110127